- Title Pages
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 1 Why Pollination Is Interesting
- Chapter 2 Floral Design and Function
- Chapter 3 Pollination, Mating, and Reproduction in Plants
- Chapter 4 Evolution of Flowers, Pollination, and Plant Diversity
- Chapter 5 Advertisements 1: Visual Signals and Floral Color
- Chapter 6 Advertisements 2: Olfactory Signals
- Chapter 7 Rewards 1: The Biology of Pollen
- Chapter 8 Rewards 2: The Biology of Nectar
- Chapter 9 Other Floral Rewards
- Chapter 10 Rewards and Costs: The Environmental Economics of Pollination
- Chapter 11 Types of Flower Visitors: Syndromes, Constancy, and Effectiveness
- Chapter 12 Generalist Flowers and Generalist Visitors
- Chapter 13 Pollination by Flies
- Chapter 14 Pollination by Butterflies and Moths
- Chapter 15 Pollination by Birds
- Chapter 16 Pollination by Bats
- Chapter 17 Pollination by Nonflying Vertebrates and Other Oddities
- Chapter 18 Pollination by Bees
- Chapter 19 Wind and Water: Abiotic Pollination
- Chapter 20 Syndromes and Webs: Specialists and Generalists
- Chapter 21 The Timing and Patterning of Flowering
- Chapter 22 Living with Other Flowers: Competition and Pollination Ecology
- Chapter 23 Cheating by Flowers: Cheating the Visitors and Cheating Other Flowers
- Chapter 24 Flower Visitors as Cheats and the Plants’ Responses
- Chapter 25 The Interactions of Pollination and Herbivory
- Chapter 26 Pollination Using Florivores: From Brood Site Mutualism to Active Pollination
- Chapter 27 Pollination in Different Habitats
- Chapter 28 The Pollination of Crops
- Chapter 29 The Global Pollination Crisis
- Appendix Currently Accepted Classification of Major Angiosperm Families
- Glossary
- References
- Subject Index
- Index of Animal Genera
- Index of Plant Genera
Pollination by Birds
Pollination by Birds
- Chapter:
- (p.337) Chapter 15 Pollination by Birds
- Source:
- Pollination and Floral Ecology
- Author(s):
Pat Willmer
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
This chapter focuses on pollination by birds. Bird pollination, or ornithophily, is a widespread phenomenon. Many common birds visit flowers by biting through or piercing their corollas, notably tits and warblers. Birds primarily take nectar from flowers, although some may also eat pollen and occasionally take solid floral tissues. The chapter first provides an overview of the bird’s feeding apparatus, sensory capacity, and behavior and learning capabilities before discussing various types of flowers that are pollinated by birds such as hummingbirds and perching birds. The foraging behaviors of these birds are also considered, along with the ornithophilous syndrome. The chapter concludes with some observations on why extreme specialization is precluded in ornithophilous relationships.
Keywords: bird pollination, birds, ornithophily, flowers, feeding apparatus, learning, hummingbird, perching bird, foraging behavior, specialization
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- Title Pages
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 1 Why Pollination Is Interesting
- Chapter 2 Floral Design and Function
- Chapter 3 Pollination, Mating, and Reproduction in Plants
- Chapter 4 Evolution of Flowers, Pollination, and Plant Diversity
- Chapter 5 Advertisements 1: Visual Signals and Floral Color
- Chapter 6 Advertisements 2: Olfactory Signals
- Chapter 7 Rewards 1: The Biology of Pollen
- Chapter 8 Rewards 2: The Biology of Nectar
- Chapter 9 Other Floral Rewards
- Chapter 10 Rewards and Costs: The Environmental Economics of Pollination
- Chapter 11 Types of Flower Visitors: Syndromes, Constancy, and Effectiveness
- Chapter 12 Generalist Flowers and Generalist Visitors
- Chapter 13 Pollination by Flies
- Chapter 14 Pollination by Butterflies and Moths
- Chapter 15 Pollination by Birds
- Chapter 16 Pollination by Bats
- Chapter 17 Pollination by Nonflying Vertebrates and Other Oddities
- Chapter 18 Pollination by Bees
- Chapter 19 Wind and Water: Abiotic Pollination
- Chapter 20 Syndromes and Webs: Specialists and Generalists
- Chapter 21 The Timing and Patterning of Flowering
- Chapter 22 Living with Other Flowers: Competition and Pollination Ecology
- Chapter 23 Cheating by Flowers: Cheating the Visitors and Cheating Other Flowers
- Chapter 24 Flower Visitors as Cheats and the Plants’ Responses
- Chapter 25 The Interactions of Pollination and Herbivory
- Chapter 26 Pollination Using Florivores: From Brood Site Mutualism to Active Pollination
- Chapter 27 Pollination in Different Habitats
- Chapter 28 The Pollination of Crops
- Chapter 29 The Global Pollination Crisis
- Appendix Currently Accepted Classification of Major Angiosperm Families
- Glossary
- References
- Subject Index
- Index of Animal Genera
- Index of Plant Genera