Contents
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The British Legacy The British Legacy
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Professionalism Professionalism
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Ethnic Preference in Recruitment Ethnic Preference in Recruitment
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Aid to the Civil Power Aid to the Civil Power
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Separating the Army from Politics Separating the Army from Politics
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The Partition and Its Impact The Partition and Its Impact
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Six Reasons for Pakistani Praetorianism Six Reasons for Pakistani Praetorianism
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The Geographic and Social Separation between East and West Pakistan The Geographic and Social Separation between East and West Pakistan
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The Social Consequences of Partition The Social Consequences of Partition
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Low-Level Social Development, Incompetent and Corrupt Civilians Low-Level Social Development, Incompetent and Corrupt Civilians
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Bad Luck with Founding Fathers Bad Luck with Founding Fathers
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The Insecurity Syndrome The Insecurity Syndrome
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The Military as a State Builder The Military as a State Builder
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Two Different Armies Two Different Armies
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India: Comprehensive State Control over the Military India: Comprehensive State Control over the Military
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Challenges to Indian Civil-Military Relations Challenges to Indian Civil-Military Relations
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The War with China (1962) The War with China (1962)
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The War with Pakistan (1971) The War with Pakistan (1971)
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The Emergency (1975) The Emergency (1975)
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Aid to the Civil Authority Aid to the Civil Authority
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Pakistan: The Evolution of a Praetorian State Pakistan: The Evolution of a Praetorian State
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Bangladesh Bangladesh
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Conclusion Conclusion
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8 After Colonial Rule in Asia: India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh
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Published:September 2012
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Abstract
This chapter looks at two pivotal states of South Asia: India and Pakistan. India and Pakistan gained their independence in 1947. India succeeded in placing its armed forces under firm and virtually unchallenged state control right from the beginning of independence. However, civil–military relations in Pakistan have been far more “eventful.” The chapter makes three arguments. First and most important, by the end of the first postcolonial decade, the patterns for the drastically different military politics of India and Pakistan were already set. Second, of the numerous reasons for the evolution of different civil–military relations in the two countries, several lie in the circumstances of the 1947 Partition and in the immediate post-Partition period. Third, the British colonial period left behind profound legacies, most of which have positively influenced military affairs in the Subcontinent. The chapter also addresses Bangladesh—from its independence in 1971 to the military take-over in 2007—and what sets its military politics apart from Pakistan's.
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