From the European Convention to the Lisbon Agreement and Beyond: A Veto Player Analysis
From the European Convention to the Lisbon Agreement and Beyond: A Veto Player Analysis
This chapter compares the policy and political outcomes that followed from the institutional structures generated by the European Convention, the Treaty of Lisbon, and the default outcome of a failure of negotiations during the process of European integration, the Treaty of Nice. The institutions produced under these different arrangements empowered different actors to create the policies of the EU. The comparison is based on the theory of veto players and is aimed at demonstrating the potential differences in policy outcomes for the EU had future policies been made in each of these institutional settings. In particular, it focuses on the effects of different institutional arrangements on the democratic deficit and the extent to which they strengthen the capacity of the judiciary powers and the bureaucracy to create policies independently from electorally accountable actors.
Keywords: European Convention, Treaty of Lisbon, European integration, Treaty of Nice, European Union, EU, veto players, institutional arrangements, democratic deficit, judiciary powers
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