Politics among the Victors: Issues and Elections in November 1919
Politics among the Victors: Issues and Elections in November 1919
This chapter examines the political and social issues that were brought to the fore by the parliamentary elections held simultaneously in France, Germany, and Italy in November 1919. It explains why parliaments fell gradually into eclipse and Europeans turned to more corporatist means of winning the consensus needed to govern. It shows that in France the voting confirmed a broad antisocialist and nationalist consensus clearly emergent under Premier Georges Clemenceau. In Italy neither the administration of Vittorio Emanuele Orlando nor Francesco Saverio Nitti provided consistent bourgeois directives, nor could the electoral mandate furnish them as a surrogate. Hence French bourgeois security seemed consolidated by the election results, whereas Italian conservatives would have to resist the logic of the new parliamentary alignments—or, alternatively, reduce the role of the parliament itself.
Keywords: parliamentary elections, France, Germany, Italy, parliaments, Georges Clemenceau, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, Francesco Saverio Nitti, bourgeois, conservatives
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