An Empirical Analysis of Labor Immigration Programs in Forty-Six Countries
An Empirical Analysis of Labor Immigration Programs in Forty-Six Countries
This chapter examines the key features of labor immigration programs in high and middle-income countries in practice. After providing an overview of existing academic and policy literature that comparatively discusses labor immigration policies in different countries, the chapter constructs and analyzes two separate indexes that measure the openness of labor immigration programs in forty-six high- and middle-income countries to admitting migrant workers, as well as the legal rights (civil and political, economic, social, residency, and family reunion rights) granted to migrant workers admitted under these programs. The empirical results show that labor immigration programs that target the admission of higher-skilled workers are more open and grant migrants more rights than programs targeting lower-skilled workers. Among programs in upper-high-income countries, labor immigration programs can be characterized by a trade-off between openness and some migrant rights.
Keywords: labor immigration programs, labor immigration policies, openness, migrant workers, legal rights, higher-skilled workers, migrants, lower-skilled workers, migrant rights, middle-income countries
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