The Aftermath of the Balkan Wars and the “Emptying” of Eastern Thrace and the Aegean Littoral in 1913–14
The Aftermath of the Balkan Wars and the “Emptying” of Eastern Thrace and the Aegean Littoral in 1913–14
This chapter talks about how, throughout the years of 1913–14 until its entry into the war, the Ottoman government carried out a basic ethnic-cleansing operation, particularly against the Greeks in Thrace and the Aegean littoral. They used a dual-track mechanism extensively. On one hand, they signed separate “population exchange” agreements with the governments of the Balkan states; on the other hand, they terrorized Ottoman Greek subjects, including with massacres, to force them to move to Greece. This wide-scale suppressive policy brought the Ottomans to the brink of war with Greece in the summer of 1914. The policy of forceful expulsion of ethnic groups was not, however, unique to the Ottomans, as other Balkan countries also commonly employed it against Muslims.
Keywords: Ottoman governmment, ethnic cleansing, Ottoman Greeks, Balkan states, ethnic groups, Muslims
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