Bodily Feelings Emerge in the Insular Cortex
Bodily Feelings Emerge in the Insular Cortex
Interoceptive Integration Generates the Feeling of Being Alive
This chapter presents evidence that supports the idea that activity in the interoceptive cortex in the posterior insula is re-represented, integrated, and transformed in the middle and anterior portions of human insular cortex to generate the feelings that one experiences. It also explains how vivid feelings are generated in a model of interoceptive integration that engenders homeostatic sentience. The emergence of bodily feelings provides the foundation for the generation of emotional feelings in the anterior insular cortex as if they are feelings from the body. The chapter then describes the evidence for the embodiment of emotional feelings, including the recent use of Botox to elucidate central mechanisms for the facial feedback hypothesis.
Keywords: interoceptive cortex, posterior insula, human insular cortex, interoceptive integration, homeostatic sentience, bodily feelings, emotional feelings, anterior insular cortex, Botox, facial feedback hypothesis
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