The concept of women's liberation has become an integral part of a transnational Islamic discourse, deployed in contexts as diverse as debates over the freedom to wear the headscarf in France, in the writings of exiled Muslim Brothers in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, and in the rhetoric of the Ennahda Party in postrevolutionary Tunis. The idea of women's liberation, identified as growing out of colonial feminism and an imperialist secular liberalism, has now become part of a popular Islamic discourse reiterated by activists and scholars alike. This chapter charts the origins of a discourse of women's liberation in Islam during the nineteenth-century awakening known as the naḍda and its revival for the late twentieth-century ṣaṭwa. The concept of women's liberation was vilified in the naḍda, with Qasim Amin's Liberation of Woman being called a “sermon of the devil.” The later ṣaṭwa, however, would appropriate the concept and language of women's liberation, making it a most potent ideological weapon.