- Title Pages
- Epigraph
- Maps
- Foreword
-
Part 1 The Challenge -
Chapter I The Age of the Democratic Revolution -
Chapter II Aristocracy About 1760: The Constituted Bodies -
Chapter III Aristocracy about 1760: Theory and Practice -
Chapter IV Clashes with Monarchy -
Chapter V A Clash with Democracy: Geneva and Jean-Jacques Rousseau -
Chapter VI The British Parliament Between King and People -
Chapter VII The American Revolution: The Forces in Conflict -
Chapter VIII The American Revolution: The People as Constituent Power -
Chapter IX Europe and the American Revolution -
Chapter X Two Parliaments Escape Reform -
Chapter XI Democrats and Aristocrats—Dutch, Belgian, and Swiss -
Chapter XII The Limitations of Enlightened Despotism -
Chapter XIII The Lessons of Poland -
Chapter XIV The French Revolution: The Aristocratic Resurgence -
Chapter XV The French Revolution: The Explosion of 1789 -
Part 2 The struggle -
Chapter XVI The Issues and the Adversaries -
Chapter XVII The Revolutionizing of the Revolution -
Chapter XVIII Liberation and Annexation: 1792–1793 -
Chapter XIX The Survival of the Revolution in France -
Chapter XX Victories of the Counter-Revolution in Eastern Europe -
Chapter XXI The Batavian Republic -
Chapter XXII The French Directory: Mirage of the Moderates -
Chapter XXIII The French Directory between Extremes -
Chapter XXIV The Revolution comes to Italy -
Chapter XXV The Cisalpine Republic -
Chapter XXVI 1798: The High Tide of Revolutionary Democracy -
Chapter XXVII The Republics at Rome and Naples -
Chapter XXVIII The Helvetic Republic -
Chapter XXIX Germany: The Revolution of the Mind -
Chapter XXX Britain: Republicanism and the Establishment -
Chapter XXXI America: Democracy Native and Imported -
Chapter XXXII Climax and Dénouement -
Appendix I References for the Quotations at Heads of Chapters -
Appendix II Translations of Metrical Passages -
Appendix III Excerpts from Certain Basic Legal Documents -
Appendix IV The Virginia Declaration of Rights of 1776, and the French Declaration of Rights of 1789 -
Appendix V “Democratic” and “Bourgeois” Characteristics in the French Constitution of 1791 - Index
The Issues and the Adversaries
The Issues and the Adversaries
- Chapter:
- (p.377) Chapter XVI The Issues and the Adversaries
- Source:
- The Age of the Democratic Revolution
- Author(s):
R. R. Palmer
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
In April 1792, France had declared war on the “King of Hungary and Bohemia,” that is the House of Austria or Hapsburg, which, since it possessed most of Belgium, was the most important of the powers that adjoined the French frontiers. By the following summer the French were also at war with the kingdoms of Prussia and Sardinia, and by 1793 with Great Britain, the Dutch Republic, and the Bourbon Monarchy of Spain. Despite occasional appearances, or stated war aims, the war that began in April 1792 became an ideological conflict between new and old—between “democratic” and “aristocratic” forms of society in the sense explained in the preceding volume. This chapter focuses on this complex story and nations involved. It begins with a tale of two cities, involving ceremonial events in Frankfurt and Paris on July 14, 1792. It was, of course, Bastille Day, but it was also the date of the imperial coronation of Francis II, a young man of twenty-four who proved to be the last Holy Roman Emperor.
Keywords: France, war, Bastille Day, Francis II, revolution, revolutionary movements, coronation
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- Title Pages
- Epigraph
- Maps
- Foreword
-
Part 1 The Challenge -
Chapter I The Age of the Democratic Revolution -
Chapter II Aristocracy About 1760: The Constituted Bodies -
Chapter III Aristocracy about 1760: Theory and Practice -
Chapter IV Clashes with Monarchy -
Chapter V A Clash with Democracy: Geneva and Jean-Jacques Rousseau -
Chapter VI The British Parliament Between King and People -
Chapter VII The American Revolution: The Forces in Conflict -
Chapter VIII The American Revolution: The People as Constituent Power -
Chapter IX Europe and the American Revolution -
Chapter X Two Parliaments Escape Reform -
Chapter XI Democrats and Aristocrats—Dutch, Belgian, and Swiss -
Chapter XII The Limitations of Enlightened Despotism -
Chapter XIII The Lessons of Poland -
Chapter XIV The French Revolution: The Aristocratic Resurgence -
Chapter XV The French Revolution: The Explosion of 1789 -
Part 2 The struggle -
Chapter XVI The Issues and the Adversaries -
Chapter XVII The Revolutionizing of the Revolution -
Chapter XVIII Liberation and Annexation: 1792–1793 -
Chapter XIX The Survival of the Revolution in France -
Chapter XX Victories of the Counter-Revolution in Eastern Europe -
Chapter XXI The Batavian Republic -
Chapter XXII The French Directory: Mirage of the Moderates -
Chapter XXIII The French Directory between Extremes -
Chapter XXIV The Revolution comes to Italy -
Chapter XXV The Cisalpine Republic -
Chapter XXVI 1798: The High Tide of Revolutionary Democracy -
Chapter XXVII The Republics at Rome and Naples -
Chapter XXVIII The Helvetic Republic -
Chapter XXIX Germany: The Revolution of the Mind -
Chapter XXX Britain: Republicanism and the Establishment -
Chapter XXXI America: Democracy Native and Imported -
Chapter XXXII Climax and Dénouement -
Appendix I References for the Quotations at Heads of Chapters -
Appendix II Translations of Metrical Passages -
Appendix III Excerpts from Certain Basic Legal Documents -
Appendix IV The Virginia Declaration of Rights of 1776, and the French Declaration of Rights of 1789 -
Appendix V “Democratic” and “Bourgeois” Characteristics in the French Constitution of 1791 - Index
