- Title Pages
- Epigraph
- Maps
- Foreword
-
Part 1 The Challenge -
Chapter I The Age of the Democratic Revolution -
Chapter II Aristocracy About 1760: The Constituted Bodies -
Chapter III Aristocracy about 1760: Theory and Practice -
Chapter IV Clashes with Monarchy -
Chapter V A Clash with Democracy: Geneva and Jean-Jacques Rousseau -
Chapter VI The British Parliament Between King and People -
Chapter VII The American Revolution: The Forces in Conflict -
Chapter VIII The American Revolution: The People as Constituent Power -
Chapter IX Europe and the American Revolution -
Chapter X Two Parliaments Escape Reform -
Chapter XI Democrats and Aristocrats—Dutch, Belgian, and Swiss -
Chapter XII The Limitations of Enlightened Despotism -
Chapter XIII The Lessons of Poland -
Chapter XIV The French Revolution: The Aristocratic Resurgence -
Chapter XV The French Revolution: The Explosion of 1789 -
Part 2 The struggle -
Chapter XVI The Issues and the Adversaries -
Chapter XVII The Revolutionizing of the Revolution -
Chapter XVIII Liberation and Annexation: 1792–1793 -
Chapter XIX The Survival of the Revolution in France -
Chapter XX Victories of the Counter-Revolution in Eastern Europe -
Chapter XXI The Batavian Republic -
Chapter XXII The French Directory: Mirage of the Moderates -
Chapter XXIII The French Directory between Extremes -
Chapter XXIV The Revolution comes to Italy -
Chapter XXV The Cisalpine Republic -
Chapter XXVI 1798: The High Tide of Revolutionary Democracy -
Chapter XXVII The Republics at Rome and Naples -
Chapter XXVIII The Helvetic Republic -
Chapter XXIX Germany: The Revolution of the Mind -
Chapter XXX Britain: Republicanism and the Establishment -
Chapter XXXI America: Democracy Native and Imported -
Chapter XXXII Climax and Dénouement -
Appendix I References for the Quotations at Heads of Chapters -
Appendix II Translations of Metrical Passages -
Appendix III Excerpts from Certain Basic Legal Documents -
Appendix IV The Virginia Declaration of Rights of 1776, and the French Declaration of Rights of 1789 -
Appendix V “Democratic” and “Bourgeois” Characteristics in the French Constitution of 1791 - Index
The Republics at Rome and Naples
The Republics at Rome and Naples
- Chapter:
- (p.642) Chapter XXVII The Republics at Rome and Naples
- Source:
- The Age of the Democratic Revolution
- Author(s):
R. R. Palmer
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
This chapter focuses the peace that prevailed on the Continent from the signing of the treaty of Campo Formio in October 1797 to the attack on Rome by the King of Naples in November 1798, which proved to be the opening episode in the War of the Second Coalition, and hence of the grand climax or confrontation in 1799 between the Old Regime and the New Republican Order. It argues that the peace was no more than a semi-peace. On the one hand, neither France nor Austria could accept the terms of Campo Formio with any finality. Each looked for bastions against the other in Switzerland and Italy. On the other hand, France with its Dutch ally remained at war with Great Britain. While British diplomacy worked to bring Continental armies back into the field against France, the French first threatened to invade England and support revolution in Ireland, then redirected their fleet and army into the expedition to Egypt, from which it was hoped that Bonaparte could counteract the growth of British power in the Indian Ocean, where both French and Dutch interests were at stake. The Egyptian campaign transferred the Anglo-French conflict to the Mediterranean and the Near East.
Keywords: France, Campo Formio treaty, Rome, King of Naples, Austria, Egypt, Continental armies, peace, War of the Second Coalition, Old Regime, New Republican Order, British diplomacy
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- Title Pages
- Epigraph
- Maps
- Foreword
-
Part 1 The Challenge -
Chapter I The Age of the Democratic Revolution -
Chapter II Aristocracy About 1760: The Constituted Bodies -
Chapter III Aristocracy about 1760: Theory and Practice -
Chapter IV Clashes with Monarchy -
Chapter V A Clash with Democracy: Geneva and Jean-Jacques Rousseau -
Chapter VI The British Parliament Between King and People -
Chapter VII The American Revolution: The Forces in Conflict -
Chapter VIII The American Revolution: The People as Constituent Power -
Chapter IX Europe and the American Revolution -
Chapter X Two Parliaments Escape Reform -
Chapter XI Democrats and Aristocrats—Dutch, Belgian, and Swiss -
Chapter XII The Limitations of Enlightened Despotism -
Chapter XIII The Lessons of Poland -
Chapter XIV The French Revolution: The Aristocratic Resurgence -
Chapter XV The French Revolution: The Explosion of 1789 -
Part 2 The struggle -
Chapter XVI The Issues and the Adversaries -
Chapter XVII The Revolutionizing of the Revolution -
Chapter XVIII Liberation and Annexation: 1792–1793 -
Chapter XIX The Survival of the Revolution in France -
Chapter XX Victories of the Counter-Revolution in Eastern Europe -
Chapter XXI The Batavian Republic -
Chapter XXII The French Directory: Mirage of the Moderates -
Chapter XXIII The French Directory between Extremes -
Chapter XXIV The Revolution comes to Italy -
Chapter XXV The Cisalpine Republic -
Chapter XXVI 1798: The High Tide of Revolutionary Democracy -
Chapter XXVII The Republics at Rome and Naples -
Chapter XXVIII The Helvetic Republic -
Chapter XXIX Germany: The Revolution of the Mind -
Chapter XXX Britain: Republicanism and the Establishment -
Chapter XXXI America: Democracy Native and Imported -
Chapter XXXII Climax and Dénouement -
Appendix I References for the Quotations at Heads of Chapters -
Appendix II Translations of Metrical Passages -
Appendix III Excerpts from Certain Basic Legal Documents -
Appendix IV The Virginia Declaration of Rights of 1776, and the French Declaration of Rights of 1789 -
Appendix V “Democratic” and “Bourgeois” Characteristics in the French Constitution of 1791 - Index
