Survey and Punish
Survey and Punish
The ‘Alawis’ Integration into the Ottoman Empire (1516–1645)
This chapter examines the Ottoman cadastres in detail, both to demonstrate the extent of the Ottoman state's control over the region in the sixteenth century and to show that the Ottomans did not attempt to annihilate the ʻAlawi population (as is claimed in local folklore) but rather to maximize their tax revenues, maintaining ʻAlawi-specific dues but also emending or even forgiving taxes in areas in need of economic revival. The second part of the chapter draws mainly on Ottoman executive orders to show that the imperial government perceived of brigandage in the coastal mountains committed by ʻAlawis as a social and not a religious problem, repeatedly casting “uneducated” ʻAlawi subjects as the victims of manipulation by more powerful figures, and not discriminating against them on the basis of their religion.
Keywords: ʻAlawis, Ottomans, tax revenues, Ottoman rule, brigandage
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