This chapter traces the emergence of a new generation of scholars in Egypt. In the early years of its adoption, printing by and large reproduced the existing textual canon. But major societal changes were afoot, and soon the technology of print began to be used to publish very different kinds of works, works that had been forgotten and even almost lost. In Egypt, the agents of this wave of nontraditional book printing and editing represented a new class of intellectuals: elite bibliophiles and scholars who had at most one foot in the old scholarly tradition and the other in the structures and discourses of the rapidly modernizing Egyptian state. This new class of scribal intellectuals inaugurated a culture that valorized high-level Arabic, rare manuscripts, and philological accuracy.