Renegotiating Integration
Renegotiating Integration
This chapter focuses on Ricardo Canese and Fernando Lugo's respective teams, their negotiating goals and tactics, and their pressure points and publics. It examines how two parts of the left turn envisioned state power and just where energy fit into it. It draws practical and theorized understandings of state power from two of Paraguay's leading political thinkers. Both were extremely intelligent, well-read, and conscious of the historical importance of the changes they were proposing as they used Itaipú and integration with Brazil to implement theories of statecraft. Importantly, they are both members of the New Democrat class Hetherington that are described as a key liberalizing group in the democratic transition post-Stroessner. This chapter also counterposes campaigns by the Ministry of Foreign Relations and by the Itaipú technocratic team, highlighting intellectual groundwork. Both Ricardo Canese and Fernando Lugo's teams sought to change the public imagination regarding state and power, how government operated, what electricity was for and, ultimately, they argued for a new kind of regional integration.
Keywords: Ricardo Canese, Fernando Lugo, state power, Paraguay, Itaipú Dam, Brazil, New Democrat, post-Stroessner, electricity
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